目前国内各大应用几乎都有显示用户的ip归属地，包括本站也会有显示相关的ip归属地，如下图：
那么这个获取归属地怎么弄呢？其实方法很简单，我们可以直接借助开源的ip归属地来使用即可。
这里我们借助的工具是：
http://whois.pconline.com.cn/ipJson.jsp
当我们访问这个地址的时候就会获取到对应的归属地，如下图：
我们只需要解析上面的地址即可。
本文我们使用java实战演示下通过这个工具获取用户的ip地址。
1、获取ip
首先我们需要从nginx中获取到用户真实的ip，然后传递给咱们得应用，最后在应用里面获取到用户请求的ip地址，示例代码如下：
public class IpUtil {
private static final String UNKNOWN = "unknown";
private static final String HEADER_FORWARDED = "x-forwarded-for";
private static final String HEADER_PROXY = "Proxy-Client-IP";
private static final String HEADER_WL_PROXY = "WL-Proxy-Client-IP";
private static final String HEADER_HTTP = "HTTP_CLIENT_IP";
private static final String HEADER_HTTP_FORWARDED = "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR";
private static final String LOCAL_IP = "127.0.0.1";
private static final String LOCAL_HOST = "localhost";
/**
* 获取 IP 地址
*
* @param request
* @return
*/
public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ip = request.getHeader(HEADER_FORWARDED);
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader(HEADER_PROXY);
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader(HEADER_WL_PROXY);
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader(HEADER_HTTP);
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader(HEADER_HTTP_FORWARDED);
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
// 本机访问
if (LOCAL_IP.equalsIgnoreCase(ip) || LOCAL_HOST.equalsIgnoreCase(ip) || "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
// 根据网卡取本机配置的 IP
try {
InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
ip = localHost.getHostAddress();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个 IP 为客户端真实 IP,多个 IP 按照','分割
if (ip != null && ip.length() > 15) {
if (ip.indexOf(",") > 15) {
ip = ip.substring(0, ip.indexOf(","));
}
}
return ip;
}
}2、获取ip归属地
接下来我们就要用获取到的ip去请求工具，获取用户的ip归属地。示例代码如下：
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class AddressUtils {
// IP地址查询
public static final String IP_URL = "http://whois.pconline.com.cn/ipJson.jsp";
// 未知地址
public static final String UNKNOWN = "XX XX";
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(getRealAddressByIP("218.88.83.8"));
}
public static String getRealAddressByIP(String ip) {
// 内网不查询
if (internalIp(ip)) {
return "内网IP";
}
try {
String rspStr = sendGet(IP_URL, "ip=" + ip + "&json=true", "GBK");
if ("".equals(rspStr)) {
return UNKNOWN;
}
JSONObject obj = JSONObject.parseObject(rspStr);
return obj.toJSONString();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return UNKNOWN;
}
public static boolean internalIp(String ip) {
byte[] addr = textToNumericFormatV4(ip);
return internalIp(addr) || "127.0.0.1".equals(ip);
}
private static boolean internalIp(byte[] addr) {
if (addr == null || addr.length < 2) {
return true;
}
final byte b0 = addr[0];
final byte b1 = addr[1];
// 10.x.x.x/8
final byte SECTION_1 = 0x0A;
// 172.16.x.x/12
final byte SECTION_2 = (byte) 0xAC;
final byte SECTION_3 = (byte) 0x10;
final byte SECTION_4 = (byte) 0x1F;
// 192.168.x.x/16
final byte SECTION_5 = (byte) 0xC0;
final byte SECTION_6 = (byte) 0xA8;
switch (b0) {
case SECTION_1:
return true;
case SECTION_2:
if (b1 >= SECTION_3 && b1 <= SECTION_4) {
return true;
}
case SECTION_5:
if (b1 == SECTION_6) {
return true;
}
default:
return false;
}
}
/**
* 将IPv4地址转换成字节
*
* @param text IPv4地址
* @return byte 字节
*/
public static byte[] textToNumericFormatV4(String text) {
if (text.length() == 0) {
return null;
}
byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
String[] elements = text.split("\\.", -1);
try {
long l;
int i;
switch (elements.length) {
case 1:
l = Long.parseLong(elements[0]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 4294967295L)) {
return null;
}
bytes[0] = (byte) (int) (l >> 24 & 0xFF);
bytes[1] = (byte) (int) ((l & 0xFFFFFF) >> 16 & 0xFF);
bytes[2] = (byte) (int) ((l & 0xFFFF) >> 8 & 0xFF);
bytes[3] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
break;
case 2:
l = Integer.parseInt(elements[0]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 255L)) {
return null;
}
bytes[0] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
l = Integer.parseInt(elements[1]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 16777215L)) {
return null;
}
bytes[1] = (byte) (int) (l >> 16 & 0xFF);
bytes[2] = (byte) (int) ((l & 0xFFFF) >> 8 & 0xFF);
bytes[3] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
break;
case 3:
for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
l = Integer.parseInt(elements[i]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 255L)) {
return null;
}
bytes[i] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
}
l = Integer.parseInt(elements[2]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 65535L)) {
return null;
}
bytes[2] = (byte) (int) (l >> 8 & 0xFF);
bytes[3] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
break;
case 4:
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
l = Integer.parseInt(elements[i]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 255L)) {
return null;
}
bytes[i] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
}
break;
default:
return null;
}
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
return null;
}
return bytes;
}
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @param contentType 编码类型
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendGet(String url, String param, String contentType) {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
connection.connect();
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), contentType));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
result.append(line);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally {
try {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
}
catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result.toString();
}
}我们通过这个工具类就可以获取到相关的IP归属地了。
备注：
1、这里主要是演示，所以直接使用urlconnection进行http请求了，真实环境中需要对此模块进行改造，例如使用httpclient或者okhttp等现成的工具。
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